This report presents the findings of research on critical incentives and disincentives to legislative representation in Africa and provides a number of policy and program recommendations.

Four critical aspects of representation are discussed in detail:

• accountability of legislators to their constituents,
• autonomy from political bosses and politics,
• authority and capacity to perform representation roles, and
• personal attributes of legislators.

Legislative representation is examined from an environmental perspective. In rural Africa, the environment – land, natural resources, ecosystem services – is an important source of household livelihoods and a vital constituent interest. As such, the environment provides a useful optic for observation and understanding governance, and a potentially powerful lever for engaging citizens in government matters, promoting systemic governance reforms, and strengthening democracy.